Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of vision loss, but early detection and modern treatments can help preserve vision. Management of diabetic retinopathy includes blood sugar control, laser treatments, and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medications to reduce swelling and prevent further damage. For macular degeneration, treatment depends on the type—dry AMD is managed with lifestyle changes, nutritional supplements (AREDS2), and monitoring, while wet AMD is treated with anti-VEGF injections to slow abnormal blood vessel growth. Regular eye exams are essential for early intervention and maintaining long-term vision.